CVE-2026-98116
HighCVSS 7.8Exploitation Probability (EPSS)
Low risk2th percentile - higher than 2% of all known CVEs
Summary
In the Linux kernel, a race condition exists in the ALSA subsystem between snd_pcm_mmap_data() and PCM buffer reallocation in snd_pcm_hw_params()/snd_pcm_hw_free(). Because mmap takes no lock, it can map pages of the old buffer that are subsequently freed back to the page allocator, leaving a stale, writable mapping of freed memory (a page-level use-after-free).
Risk Assessment
This page-level use-after-free can be leveraged by a local user for privilege escalation. Exploitation requires the ability to invoke ALSA PCM operations and concurrent mmap, which narrows the set of potential attackers.
Recommendation
Update the Linux kernel to a version containing the fix that serializes snd_pcm_mmap_data() with buffer reallocation via the buffer_accessing mechanism. Until the patch is applied, restrict access to ALSA/PCM devices for untrusted local users.
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Original NVD description (English source)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ALSA: pcm: Serialize PCM mmap with buffer reallocation to fix page UAF snd_pcm_hw_params() and snd_pcm_hw_free() guard buffer reallocation with an mmap_count check performed under the PCM stream lock, but the lock is released long before the buffer is actually freed: snd_pcm_sync_stop(), constraint refinement and do_free_pages() all happen in between. snd_pcm_mmap_data(), on the other hand, takes no lock at all: it validates against the old buffer's state and dma_bytes, remaps its pages into the VMA, and only then increments mmap_count. A concurrent mmap() can therefore slip in between the check and the free. remap_pfn_range() installs writable PTEs for the old buffer's pages without taking page references, and the subsequent do_free_pages() returns those pages to the page allocator while the VMA still maps them. This leaves a stale, writable mapping of freed pages: a page-level use-after-free that can be leveraged for local privilege escalation. Make snd_pcm_mmap_data() participate in the buffer-access scheme introduced for hw_params/hw_free: acquire runtime->buffer_accessing before validating and remapping, and release it afterwards. Buffer reallocation already fails with -EBUSY while accessors are active, and the mmap side now fails with -EBUSY while a reallocation is in progress, so the validate/remap sequence and the check/free sequence can no longer interleave. A reproducer that turns this race into a stale writable mapping of the freed DMA buffer pages is available on request.
Vulnerability data from NVD (NIST) · CISA KEV · EPSS