CVE-2026-45894
HighCVSS 7.8Exploitation Probability (EPSS)
Low risk4th percentile - higher than 4% of all known CVEs
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in the Linux kernel related to improper removal of PASID entries in the Intel VT-d table. During the teardown of an entry, there is a risk that hardware may read an inconsistent value, leading to unpredictable system behavior.
Risk Assessment
Organizations may experience stability issues and potential hardware faults, which could result in application or critical system failures.
Recommendation
It is recommended to implement the fix according to the guidelines in the VT-d specification, including proper bit management and invalidation sequences to ensure hardware state consistency.
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Original NVD description (English source)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/vt-d: Clear Present bit before tearing down PASID entry The Intel VT-d Scalable Mode PASID table entry consists of 512 bits (64 bytes). When tearing down an entry, the current implementation zeros the entire 64-byte structure immediately using multiple 64-bit writes. Since the IOMMU hardware may fetch these 64 bytes using multiple internal transactions (e.g., four 128-bit bursts), updating or zeroing the entire entry while it is active (P=1) risks a "torn" read. If a hardware fetch occurs simultaneously with the CPU zeroing the entry, the hardware could observe an inconsistent state, leading to unpredictable behavior or spurious faults. Follow the "Guidance to Software for Invalidations" in the VT-d spec (Section 6.5.3.3) by implementing the recommended ownership handshake: 1. Clear only the 'Present' (P) bit of the PASID entry. 2. Use a dma_wmb() to ensure the cleared bit is visible to hardware before proceeding. 3. Execute the required invalidation sequence (PASID cache, IOTLB, and Device-TLB flush) to ensure the hardware has released all cached references. 4. Only after the flushes are complete, zero out the remaining fields of the PASID entry. Also, add a dma_wmb() in pasid_set_present() to ensure that all other fields of the PASID entry are visible to the hardware before the Present bit is set.