CVE-2026-10648

Vulnerability in the I2S driver for Espressif (ESP32) chips in Zephyr OS. The i2s_esp32_trigger_check() function does not validate stream pointers for RX/TX directions, leading to NULL dereference when only one direction is configured. An unprivileged user-mode thread can call i2s_trigger() with an unsupported direction and cause a kernel panic (denial of service).

The Time-aware GPIO driver in Zephyr OS lacks validation of output pointers in the tgpio_pin_read_ts_ec() syscall, allowing an unprivileged thread to write to arbitrary kernel memory. The vulnerability only affects builds with CONFIG_USERSPACE=y and CONFIG_TIMEAWARE_GPIO=y, and practical exposure is limited by build issues in some versions.

In Zephyr OS, the net_if_ipv6_calc_reachable_time() function in subsys/net/ip/net_if.c incorrectly calculates the neighbor reachable time when base_reachable_time is 1, resulting in a value of 0. An attacker can send an unauthenticated Router Advertisement with the Reachable Time field set to 1, causing the reachable time to be zeroed. Consequently, when a neighbor is confirmed reachable, a kernel assertion may occur (if CONFIG_ASSERT is enabled) or the timer fires immediately, leading to constant re-solicitation and degradation of Neighbor Discovery.

The virtio PCI driver in Zephyr OS (drivers/virtio/virtio_pci.c) improperly validates the capability length (cap_len) read from PCI configuration space. The lack of runtime validation (assert is disabled in production builds) leads to an out-of-bounds write on the kernel stack during device initialization.

The UpdateHub OTA client in Zephyr OS contains an uninitialized heap memory read and out-of-bounds read in z_impl_updatehub_probe(). A malicious UpdateHub server can send a crafted response that, after a failed first JSON parse, uses a non-NUL-terminated metadata_copy buffer, leading to a read past the allocated memory and potentially crashing the device.

A vulnerability in the ATT layer of the Bluetooth stack in Zephyr OS leads to a use-after-free of channel memory. When a remote device disconnects during ongoing ATT traffic, a deferred callback may reference a freed channel, causing a system crash or potential memory corruption.

In Zephyr OS (versions v1.12.0 through v4.4.1), the CONFIG_USERSPACE syscall verifier in z_vrfy_k_poll() does not free memory on validation failure. An attacker can repeatedly trigger a memory leak, exhausting the kernel pool and causing denial of service.

In Zephyr OS (since v2.5.0), the NXP LPUART driver disables peripheral clocks before validating configuration. Unsupported parameters cause an error without re-enabling the clock, leading to a hard fault and system crash.

A stack buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the parse_ipv4() function in Zephyr OS. An attacker can craft an IP address with a long suffix after the colon, causing data to be copied beyond the allocated 17-byte buffer. The issue has been present since v1.9.0 through v4.4.0 and can lead to system crashes or potential control-flow hijack.

In Zephyr OS, a vulnerability in the DNS resolver uses memcmp() to always compare 7 bytes with the ".local" suffix, even when the final hostname label is shorter. This causes an out-of-bounds read past the string terminator, potentially leading to a page fault and denial of service (DoS). The flaw is present only when CONFIG_MDNS_RESOLVER is enabled and exists since v1.10.0.