CVE-2025-37936
HighCVSS 8.7Exploitation Probability (EPSS)
Low risk7th percentile - higher than 7% of all known CVEs
Summary
A vulnerability was found in the Linux kernel's PEBS (Precise Event-Based Sampling) mechanism for KVM guests. During VM-Entry, the MSR_IA32_PEBS_ENABLE value was not masked with the guest's desired value, potentially enabling PEBS unexpectedly. This caused a flood of page faults (#PF) and guest crashes.
Risk Assessment
The risk involves destabilizing virtual machines through malicious or misconfigured perf tools, leading to guest crashes. The vulnerability does not affect the host but can disrupt critical VMs.
Recommendation
Immediately update the Linux kernel to a version containing the fix (commit 854250329c02 or later). Administrators should also avoid using `perf kvm top` with PEBS enabled on older kernels.
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Original NVD description (English source)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: perf/x86/intel: KVM: Mask PEBS_ENABLE loaded for guest with vCPU's value. When generating the MSR_IA32_PEBS_ENABLE value that will be loaded on VM-Entry to a KVM guest, mask the value with the vCPU's desired PEBS_ENABLE value. Consulting only the host kernel's host vs. guest masks results in running the guest with PEBS enabled even when the guest doesn't want to use PEBS. Because KVM uses perf events to proxy the guest virtual PMU, simply looking at exclude_host can't differentiate between events created by host userspace, and events created by KVM on behalf of the guest. Running the guest with PEBS unexpectedly enabled typically manifests as crashes due to a near-infinite stream of #PFs. E.g. if the guest hasn't written MSR_IA32_DS_AREA, the CPU will hit page faults on address '0' when trying to record PEBS events. The issue is most easily reproduced by running `perf kvm top` from before commit 7b100989b4f6 ("perf evlist: Remove __evlist__add_default") (after which, `perf kvm top` effectively stopped using PEBS). The userspace side of perf creates a guest-only PEBS event, which intel_guest_get_msrs() misconstrues a guest-*owned* PEBS event. Arguably, this is a userspace bug, as enabling PEBS on guest-only events simply cannot work, and userspace can kill VMs in many other ways (there is no danger to the host). However, even if this is considered to be bad userspace behavior, there's zero downside to perf/KVM restricting PEBS to guest-owned events. Note, commit 854250329c02 ("KVM: x86/pmu: Disable guest PEBS temporarily in two rare situations") fixed the case where host userspace is profiling KVM *and* userspace, but missed the case where userspace is profiling only KVM.