CVE-2025-23142
HighCVSS 7.8Exploitation Probability (EPSS)
Low risk10th percentile - higher than 10% of all known CVEs
Summary
A vulnerability was found in the Linux kernel's SCTP implementation, involving a use-after-free issue in the transport structure during message sending. The bug occurs in sctp_sendmsg() when another thread removes the selected transport after chunks are prepared but before they are sent, leading to a use-after-free read.
Risk Assessment
An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to achieve remote code execution or cause a denial of service (DoS) by sending specially crafted SCTP packets. The risk is particularly high in systems with multi-threaded applications using SCTP.
Recommendation
Immediately update the Linux kernel to a version containing the fix (commit restoring the 'dead' flag in the sctp_transport structure). Monitor your distribution for a security patch release.
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Original NVD description (English source)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: sctp: detect and prevent references to a freed transport in sendmsg sctp_sendmsg() re-uses associations and transports when possible by doing a lookup based on the socket endpoint and the message destination address, and then sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc() sets the selected transport in all the message chunks to be sent. There's a possible race condition if another thread triggers the removal of that selected transport, for instance, by explicitly unbinding an address with setsockopt(SCTP_SOCKOPT_BINDX_REM), after the chunks have been set up and before the message is sent. This can happen if the send buffer is full, during the period when the sender thread temporarily releases the socket lock in sctp_wait_for_sndbuf(). This causes the access to the transport data in sctp_outq_select_transport(), when the association outqueue is flushed, to result in a use-after-free read. This change avoids this scenario by having sctp_transport_free() signal the freeing of the transport, tagging it as "dead". In order to do this, the patch restores the "dead" bit in struct sctp_transport, which was removed in commit 47faa1e4c50e ("sctp: remove the dead field of sctp_transport"). Then, in the scenario where the sender thread has released the socket lock in sctp_wait_for_sndbuf(), the bit is checked again after re-acquiring the socket lock to detect the deletion. This is done while holding a reference to the transport to prevent it from being freed in the process. If the transport was deleted while the socket lock was relinquished, sctp_sendmsg_to_asoc() will return -EAGAIN to let userspace retry the send. The bug was found by a private syzbot instance (see the error report [1] and the C reproducer that triggers it [2]).