CVE-2025-20028

The Issabel Framework, the web framework supporting Issabel PBX software, before commit b97dbaf contains a hard-coded HS256 JWT signing key in the pbxapi index.php file that is identical across every installation, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to forge valid bearer tokens. Attackers can use the forged token to call the manager originate endpoint with the System application parameter, causing Asterisk to execute arbitrary OS commands as the Asterisk user. Exploitation evidence was first observed by the Shadowserver Foundation on 2026-09-09.

MCP Context Forge is an AI gateway, registry, and proxy for MCP, A2A, REST, and gRPC APIs. Prior to 1.0.2, the python_sandbox_server in mcp-servers/python/python_sandbox_server/src/python_sandbox_server/server_fastmcp.py exposes raw getattr through safe_builtins, omits a required _getattr_ guard, and relies on validate_code checks for literal dangerous dunder strings. An attacker can construct dunder names at runtime, traverse the Python class hierarchy, reach subprocess.Popen, and execute OS commands with the server process privileges through the execute_code MCP tool. The HTTP/SSE transport can expose this tool without authentication, while stdio-only deployments have reduced network reachability. The issue affects the python_sandbox_server subproject and does not directly affect the core Context Forge gateway or proxy components. This issue is fixed in version 1.0.2.

motionEye (mEye) is an online interface for a piece of software called "motion," which is a video surveillance program with motion detection. Prior to 0.44.0, motionEye accepts the client-controlled meye_username and meye_password_hash cookies as authentication material without server-side session validation. An unauthenticated attacker who knows a target username and corresponding hash can set the cookies manually or cause them to be loaded by submitting blank credentials through the switch-user authentication flow, after which the server authenticates the attacker as that user. The administrator username and password-hash value are stored in /etc/motioneye/motion.conf, which is globally readable by default, allowing a local shell user to obtain reusable administrator credential material. Successful impersonation can enable account lockout, password changes and persistence, data enumeration, data destruction, and data exfiltration. This issue is fixed in version 0.44.0.

Yonyou U8 CRM contains an unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability in the fillbacksettingedit.php configuration endpoint where the DontCheckLogin=1 parameter bypasses authentication and the id parameter is incorporated into SQL queries without sanitization. Attackers can exploit this flaw to execute arbitrary SQL commands and, on Microsoft SQL Server deployments with xp_cmdshell enabled, write backdoor files and execute arbitrary operating system commands. Exploitation evidence was first observed by the Shadowserver Foundation on 2025-02-13.

Yonyou U8 Cloud contains an unauthenticated Java deserialization vulnerability in the nc.impl.pub.filesystem.FileManageServlet component that allows remote unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands by sending a serialized payload via POST request. Attackers can exploit the doAction method, which passes raw HTTP request body data directly to ObjectInputStream.readObject() without filtering, to achieve remote code execution. Exploitation evidence was first observed by the Shadowserver Foundation on 2025-02-13.

FreeRDP server versions before 3.31.0 contain a protocol negotiation bypass vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to establish RDSTLS connections despite server policy disabling them. Attackers can send incompatible protocol requests, receive negotiation failures, then complete TLS handshake and enter RDSTLS to bypass pre-authentication transport restrictions.

Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition in Slab safeurl allows an attacker who controls a hostname's DNS responses to reach internal network destinations that validation rejected. Validation returns a verdict and not the address it approved, so the HTTP clients the library ships receive the original hostname and resolve it a second time when the request is made. An attacker who controls the authoritative DNS for a name can answer the first lookup with a permitted address and the second with a blocked one, and the request then reaches a destination validation never approved. The same window opens without an attacker whenever a name legitimately resolves to different addresses across lookups, such as short record lifetimes or rotation between several addresses. This issue affects safeurl: from 0.1.0 onward.

Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in Slab safeurl allows an attacker who controls a validated URL to reach internal network destinations the library is configured to block. Only IPv4 addresses are matched against the reserved ranges and the blocklist. Every other address is treated as matching nothing, so a destination that is rejected in its IPv4 form is accepted when written as an IPv6 address, IPv6 entries in the blocklist never match, and a host that resolves to no IPv4 address is accepted regardless of where it points. Deployments that rely on the allowlist instead are unaffected, because there an unmatched address is rejected. This issue affects safeurl: from 0.1.0 onward.

Surfio, a library for reading and writing surface files, does not correctly validate size fields in IRAP files prior to 0.0.19, leading to a buffer overflow when untrusted files are parsed. The issue is fixed in version 0.0.19.

Dell SmartFabric OS10 versions prior to 10.6.1.3 contain a Download of Code Without Integrity Check vulnerability. A high-privileged attacker with remote access could exploit it to achieve code execution.