Actively exploited in the wild
Apache Struts Command Injection Vulnerability
Apache - Struts · Listed in the CISA KEV since 2026-10-08. This indicates confirmed attacks in production environments.
Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.
CVE-2016-3081
HighCVSS 8.1KEVExploitation Probability (EPSS)
Very high risk100th percentile - higher than 100% of all known CVEs
Summary
Apache Struts versions 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.
Risk Assessment
This vulnerability may lead to remote code execution, posing a serious threat to the security of the application and the organization's data.
Recommendation
It is recommended to upgrade to the latest version of Apache Struts to eliminate this vulnerability and to disable Dynamic Method Invocation if it is not necessary.
Other vulnerabilities in Apache Struts
See all- CVE-2016-3090High
The TextParseUtil.translateVariables method in Apache Struts 2.x before version 2.3.20 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted OGNL expression using ANTLR tooling.
- CVE-2016-4461High
Apache Struts 2.x before version 2.3.29 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a "%{}" sequence in a tag attribute, known as forced double OGNL evaluation.
- CVE-2017-9804High
In Apache Struts versions 2.3.7 through 2.3.33 and 2.5 through 2.5.12, it is possible to prepare a special URL that can overload the server process during URL validation in a form. This issue exists due to an incomplete fix for S2-047 / CVE-2017-7672.
- CVE-2015-5209High
Apache Struts 2.x before version 2.3.24.1 allows remote attackers to manipulate Struts internals, which may lead to altering user sessions or affecting container settings.
- CVE-2017-9787High
Using Spring AOP functionality to secure Struts actions can lead to a DoS attack.
- CVE-2016-4433High
Apache Struts 2 versions 2.3.20 through 2.3.28.1 allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and conduct redirection attacks via a crafted request.
- CVE-2016-4431High
Apache Struts 2 versions 2.3.20 through 2.3.28.1 allow remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and conduct redirection attacks by leveraging a default method.
- CVE-2016-4430High
Apache Struts 2 versions 2.3.20 through 2.3.28.1 mishandle token validation, allowing remote attackers to conduct cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks via unspecified vectors.
- CVE-2016-0785High
Apache Struts 2.x before version 2.3.28 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a "%{}" sequence in a tag attribute, known as forced double OGNL evaluation.
- CVE-2015-1831High
The default exclude patterns (excludeParams) in Apache Struts 2.3.20 allow remote attackers to compromise internal state of an application via unspecified vectors.
Original NVD description (English source)
Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.
Vulnerability data from NVD (NIST) · CISA KEV · EPSS