CVE-2026-104711
CriticalCVSS 9.8Exploitation Probability (EPSS)
Low risk28th percentile - higher than 28% of all known CVEs
Summary
An Expression Language Injection vulnerability exists in Apache Struts due to improper neutralization of special elements. If the application is configured to use the legacy RESTful action mapper, a crafted request can inject an OGNL expression that may lead to remote code execution. Struts 7 is affected only when the OGNL allowlist is disabled, which is enabled by default.
Risk Assessment
An attacker can remotely execute arbitrary code on the server, potentially leading to full compromise of the application and its data. The risk applies to applications using the legacy RESTful action mapper, and in Struts 7 additionally requires the OGNL allowlist to be disabled.
Recommendation
Upgrade Apache Struts to version 6.12.0 or 7.4.0, which fixes the issue. Also ensure that the OGNL allowlist remains enabled in Struts 7.
Other vulnerabilities in Apache Struts
See all- CVE-2016-3090High
The TextParseUtil.translateVariables method in Apache Struts 2.x before version 2.3.20 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted OGNL expression using ANTLR tooling.
- CVE-2016-4461High
Apache Struts 2.x before version 2.3.29 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a "%{}" sequence in a tag attribute, known as forced double OGNL evaluation.
- CVE-2017-9804High
In Apache Struts versions 2.3.7 through 2.3.33 and 2.5 through 2.5.12, it is possible to prepare a special URL that can overload the server process during URL validation in a form. This issue exists due to an incomplete fix for S2-047 / CVE-2017-7672.
- CVE-2015-5209High
Apache Struts 2.x before version 2.3.24.1 allows remote attackers to manipulate Struts internals, which may lead to altering user sessions or affecting container settings.
- CVE-2017-9787High
Using Spring AOP functionality to secure Struts actions can lead to a DoS attack.
- CVE-2016-4433High
Apache Struts 2 versions 2.3.20 through 2.3.28.1 allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and conduct redirection attacks via a crafted request.
- CVE-2016-4431High
Apache Struts 2 versions 2.3.20 through 2.3.28.1 allow remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and conduct redirection attacks by leveraging a default method.
- CVE-2016-4430High
Apache Struts 2 versions 2.3.20 through 2.3.28.1 mishandle token validation, allowing remote attackers to conduct cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks via unspecified vectors.
- CVE-2016-3081High
Apache Struts versions 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.
- CVE-2016-0785High
Apache Struts 2.x before version 2.3.28 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a "%{}" sequence in a tag attribute, known as forced double OGNL evaluation.
Original NVD description (English source)
Improper neutralization of special elements used in an expression language statement ('Expression Language Injection') vulnerability in Apache Struts. If the application is configured to use the legacy RESTful action mapper, a crafted request can inject an OGNL expression that may lead to remote code execution. Struts 7 is affected only when the OGNL allowlist is disabled; it is enabled by default. Applications using the default action mapper, the restful2 mapper, or the Struts REST plugin are not affected. This issue affects Apache Struts: from 2.0.0 through 2.3.37, from 2.5.0 through 2.5.33, from 6.0.0 through 6.11.0, from 7.0.0 through 7.3.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 6.12.0 or 7.4.0, which fixes the issue.
Vulnerability data from NVD (NIST) · CISA KEV · EPSS