CVE-2026-98007
UnknownSummary
In the Linux kernel BPF subsystem, bpf_loop() declares its nr_loops argument as ARG_ANYTHING, allowing privileged programs to pass pointer values. Since commit bb124da69c47 the verifier marks R1 precise and reads its upper bound, but precision backtracking only accepts scalar registers, triggering a "backtracking misuse" warning and a panic when panic_on_warn is enabled. The fix introduces ARG_SCALAR and uses it for nr_loops.
Risk Assessment
A privileged BPF program can trigger a verifier warning and, with panic_on_warn enabled, cause a kernel panic and denial of service. This requires the ability to load BPF programs.
Recommendation
Update the Linux kernel to a version containing the fix. Consider disabling panic_on_warn if not required, and restrict BPF program loading to trusted entities.
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Original NVD description (English source)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Reject non-scalar bpf_loop iteration counts bpf_loop() declares its nr_loops argument as ARG_ANYTHING. Privileged programs may pass pointer values to such arguments, so check_func_arg() lets a pointer-valued R1 reach the helper-specific checks. Since commit bb124da69c47 ("bpf: keep track of max number of bpf_loop callback iterations"), the verifier marks R1 precise and reads its upper bound to limit callback simulation. Precision backtracking only accepts scalar registers, so passing a pointer instead triggers the "backtracking misuse" verifier warning. Kernels with panic_on_warn enabled subsequently panic. Introduce ARG_SCALAR for helper arguments that only accept scalar values and use it for bpf_loop() nr_loops. Generic helper argument validation then rejects pointers before loop inlining and precision processing.
Vulnerability data from NVD (NIST) · CISA KEV · EPSS