CVE-2026-84451

libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. From 1.19.0 until 1.23.3, a crafted image item containing a clap property and an ispe width or height greater than INT32_MAX + 1 can reach crop calculations through heif_image_handle_get_image_tiling(). Box_clap::left_rounded() or Box_clap::top_rounded() passes the image dimension minus one to Fraction::Fraction(), whose uint32_t constructor uses an assertion as input validation, causing assert-enabled builds to abort. Release builds can instead compute invalid crop geometry, and the tiling API returns dimensions that the normal decode security limits reject. This issue is fixed in version 1.23.3.

libheif, a HEIF and AVIF decoder and encoder, prior to 1.19.6 has an integer overflow in the width field of Op_RGB24_32_to_YCbCr::convert_colorspace() for extremely large RGB images. This causes an invalid input pointer and an out-of-bounds read during RGB-to-YCbCr conversion, potentially crashing the encoding process.

libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. Prior to 1.23.2, the public heif_region_item_add_region_inline_mask_data() function in libheif/api/libheif/heif_regions.cc accepts mask_data_len without verifying that it equals the byte count required by width and height. A later heif_region_get_mask_image() call derives the read length from the region geometry, so an undersized stored buffer causes heif_region_get_inline_mask_image() to read beyond the heap allocation and copy adjacent bytes into the returned monochrome mask image. This can disclose heap data or crash an application that constructs region metadata through the writer API, while the file-parsing path is not affected because it validates the canonical mask size. This issue is fixed in version 1.23.2.

libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. In 1.23.1 and earlier, crafted grid, iovl, and iden reference graphs can repeatedly decode the same base image because processed_ids is copied per branch and ImageItem::decode_image() has no shared operation budget. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.23.2.

libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. Prior to 1.23.2, crafted HEIF sequence timing and edit-list data can make Track::init_sample_timing_table() compute a logical m_num_output_samples value that exceeds the uint32_t counters used by Track_Visual::decode_next_image_sample() and Track::get_next_sample_raw_data(). The resulting comparison can never reach the oversized output count, causing non-terminating decode or raw-sample loops and bypassing max_sequence_frames. The same sequence path repeatedly calls Box_stts::get_sample_duration() and allocates Chunk::m_sample_ranges and Track::m_presentation_timeline outside MemoryHandle accounting, allowing severe CPU and memory exhaustion from a small file. This issue is fixed in version 1.23.2.

libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. Prior to 1.23.2, when WITH_UNCOMPRESSED_CODEC is enabled, heif_context_add_image_tile() accepts an independently constructed tile whose component-plane dimensions do not match the tile geometry established by the prototype image. ImageItem_uncompressed::add_image_tile() passes that tile directly to unc_encoder::encode_tile(), which lacked the check_component_sizes() gate and sizes its output from the configured tile geometry while copying the tile's actual component-plane dimensions. An oversized component plane can therefore make unc_encoder_component_interleave::encode_tile() copy attacker-controlled data beyond the heap output buffer. This issue is fixed in version 1.23.2.

libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. From 1.19.0 until 1.23.2, crafted HEIF or AVIF mime metadata and unci image data can cause decompress_brotli() and do_inflate() to grow accumulated output without an effective size limit or MemoryHandle accounting. The brotli path has no output bound, while the zlib path checks only a small temporary buffer in a branch that valid streams do not reach, and overlapping icef units can decompress the same payload repeatedly. HeifContext::interpret_heif_file_images() processes multiple compressed metadata items during file opening, allowing a small file to consume unbounded memory and terminate the process. This issue is fixed in version 1.23.2.

Several vulnerabilities (two rated critical under CVSSv3) have been discovered and fixed in the upstream libheif dependency. They can lead to remote code execution (RCE) on glibc-based Linux under certain conditions.

libheif from 1.22.0 to 1.23.2 has a heap out-of-bounds write vulnerability. Crafted HEIF/HEIC/AVIF files with nested iden/auxl references cause duplicate Alpha planes with different bit depths, and scale_nearest_neighbor() allocates a buffer based on the first plane's 8-bit depth, leading to an overflow.

A vulnerability in the libheif library used by sharp (which Next.js uses for image optimization) can lead to remote code execution when AVIF files are optimized. Until a fix has propagated, optimization of AVIF files is disabled.