CVE-2026-64573
Low risk· EPSS 5%Exploitation Probability (EPSS)
Low risk5th percentile - higher than 5% of all known CVEs
Summary
In the Linux kernel's Bluetooth qca driver (btqca), a vulnerability was found involving an integer underflow in the TLV parser. When the NVM tag length is less than 12 bytes, the loop boundary calculation wraps to a huge value, causing out-of-bounds reads and writes (vmalloc-out-of-bounds).
Risk Assessment
An attacker with access to the Bluetooth interface (e.g., via malicious firmware) could cause memory corruption in the kernel, potentially leading to a system crash or privilege escalation. However, exploitation requires supplying specially crafted firmware to the Bluetooth controller.
Recommendation
It is recommended to immediately update the Linux kernel to a version containing the fix (commit changing the loop condition to 'idx + sizeof(struct tlv_type_nvm) <= length'). If updating is not possible, restrict access to Bluetooth interfaces and do not accept untrusted firmware.
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Original NVD description (English source)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: qca: fix NVM tag length underflow in TLV parser In the TLV_TYPE_NVM branch of qca_tlv_check_data() the tag loop bound is "while (idx < length - sizeof(struct tlv_type_nvm))". "length" is a signed int from the firmware TLV header and sizeof(struct tlv_type_nvm) is a size_t (12), so "length" is converted to size_t and any firmware-supplied "length" < 12 makes the subtraction wrap to a huge value. The loop body then reads a 12-byte struct tlv_type_nvm past the end of the short vmalloc'd firmware buffer (and the EDL_TAG_ID_* handlers can write past it). Rewrite the bound as "idx + sizeof(struct tlv_type_nvm) <= length"; both operands are non-negative, so it no longer underflows and a "length" too small for one record correctly skips the loop. BUG: KASAN: vmalloc-out-of-bounds in qca_download_firmware.isra.0 (drivers/bluetooth/btqca.c:421) Read of size 2 at addr ffffc900000e5004 by task kworker/u9:0/52 Workqueue: hci0 hci_power_on Call Trace: ... kasan_report (mm/kasan/report.c:595) qca_download_firmware.isra.0 (drivers/bluetooth/btqca.c:421 drivers/bluetooth/btqca.c:617) qca_uart_setup (drivers/bluetooth/btqca.c:948) qca_setup (drivers/bluetooth/hci_qca.c:2029) hci_uart_setup (drivers/bluetooth/hci_ldisc.c:438) hci_dev_open_sync (net/bluetooth/hci_sync.c:5227) hci_power_on (net/bluetooth/hci_core.c:920) process_one_work (kernel/workqueue.c:3322) worker_thread (kernel/workqueue.c:3486) kthread (kernel/kthread.c:436) ret_from_fork (arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158) ret_from_fork_asm (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:245)