CVE-2026-54899
MediumCVSS 6.3Exploitation Probability (EPSS)
Low risk34th percentile - higher than 34% of all known CVEs
Summary
A use-after-free vulnerability has been discovered in the Oj (Optimized JSON) library for Ruby. Disabling symbol_keys on a reused Oj::Parser instance frees the internal key cache without clearing the pointer, leading to reading from freed memory during subsequent parsing.
Risk Assessment
An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to access memory data or cause application crashes, potentially leading to information disclosure or denial of service.
Recommendation
Immediately update the Oj library to version 3.17.2 or later, which includes a fix for this vulnerability.
Other vulnerabilities in Oj
See all- CVE-2026-54903Medium
A vulnerability in the Oj (Optimized JSON) library for Ruby prior to version 3.17.2 causes heap corruption when parsing a JSON string longer than 2 GB. An integer overflow in the buf_append_string function leads to copying an astronomically large amount of data out of bounds.
- CVE-2026-54902Medium
The Oj (Optimized JSON) library for Ruby prior to version 3.17.2 has a Use-After-Free vulnerability in SAJ mode. The Oj::Parser does not protect cached object keys (≥35 bytes) from garbage collection, and a Ruby callback in hash_end can free the key memory while the C parser still holds a pointer. This causes a segfault, confirmed by RIP pointing to address 0x4242.
- CVE-2026-54901Medium
A Use-After-Free vulnerability was found in the Oj (Optimized JSON) library for Ruby in normal parser mode. The issue occurs when the garbage collector reclaims array_class and hash_class objects before they are used, leading to dereferencing freed memory and a segfault.
- CVE-2026-54900Medium
In the Oj (Optimized JSON) library for Ruby, a heap corruption vulnerability exists. When a JSON object key is exactly 65,535 bytes long, an integer truncation in the form_attr function causes a negative length to be passed to memcpy, copying a huge amount of data and crashing the process. The issue is fixed in version 3.17.2.
- CVE-2026-54898Low
A heap use-after-free vulnerability exists in the C engine of the Oj (Optimized JSON) Ruby gem prior to version 3.17.2. The issue occurs when a SAJ/SAJ2 callback mutates the input JSON string during parsing, causing the internal buffer to be reallocated and leaving a dangling pointer.
- CVE-2026-54897Low
Oj (Optimized JSON) is a JSON parser and Object marshaller packaged as a Ruby gem. Prior to version 3.17.2, Oj::Doc iterators (each_value, each_child, each_leaf) were vulnerable to a heap use-after-free. When a Ruby block yielded during iteration calls doc.close or d.close, the document's heap memory is freed while the C iterator is still running. When control returns from the block, the iterator reads from the freed region, producing a use-after-free accessible from pure Ruby.
- CVE-2026-54896Low
A heap buffer overflow vulnerability was found in the Oj (Optimized JSON) library for Ruby when serializing Exception objects with a large :indent value. The issue affects versions prior to 3.17.2 and has been fixed in that version.
- CVE-2026-54592High
A denial-of-service (DoS) vulnerability was found in the Oj (Optimized JSON) library for Ruby. The Oj::Doc#each_child function, when recursively processing a deeply nested JSON document, overflows a fixed-size stack buffer, causing a process crash. The issue has been fixed in version 3.17.3.
- CVE-2026-54502Medium
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability was found in the Oj (Optimized JSON) library for Ruby in the Oj.dump method. The issue occurs when a large :indent value is provided, causing a 2 GB write to the stack and process crash.
- CVE-2026-54500Medium
In the Oj (Optimized JSON) library for Ruby, a vulnerability was found where uninitialized stack memory is read when parsing JSON keys of 254 bytes or longer in :object mode. The flaw occurs in form_attr() which passes a stack buffer instead of a properly allocated heap buffer to rb_intern3(), causing process stack memory disclosure. The issue is fixed in version 3.17.3.
Original NVD description (English source)
Oj (Optimized JSON) is a JSON parser and Object marshaller packaged as a Ruby gem. Prior to version 3.17.2, disabling symbol_keys on a reused Oj::Parser instance triggers a heap use-after-free. When symbol_keys is toggled from true to false, opt_symbol_keys_set frees the internal key cache (cache_free) but does not clear the pointer. The next parse call reads from the freed cache via cache_intern, producing a use-after-free. This issue has been fixed in version 3.17.2.