CVE Catalog

CVE-2026-46403

MediumCVSS 6.3
Published: Updated: Translated: NVD NIST

Exploitation Probability (EPSS)

Low risk
0.34%

27th percentile - higher than 27% of all known CVEs

Summary

Vulnerability in Klever-Go (Go implementation of the Klever blockchain protocol) before version 1.7.17. Read-only mode was not enforced in contract delete and upgrade paths, allowing contracts called in read-only mode to mutate chain state.

Risk Assessment

The risk is the breach of isolation between read-only and state-changing operations, potentially leading to unauthorized modifications to the blockchain.

Recommendation

Update Klever-Go to version 1.7.17 or later. Restrict access to the ExecuteReadOnlyWithTypedArguments function to trusted contracts only.

Other vulnerabilities in Klever-Go

See all
Original NVD description (English source)

Klever-Go is the Go implementation of the Klever blockchain protocol. Prior to 1.7.17, KVM exposes `ExecuteReadOnlyWithTypedArguments` as a read-only execution mechanism. The hook saves the previous read-only state, sets `runtime.SetReadOnly(true)`, executes the destination context, and then restores the previous read-only state. However, the indirect contract delete and upgrade paths do not reject execution when `runtime.ReadOnly()` is true. As a result, a contract reached through read-only execution can call the production delete hook for a target contract it owns. The delete path appends the target address to `vmOutput.DeletedAccounts`, the output context merges `DeletedAccounts` into the caller output, and the smart contract processor later processes the VM output by deleting accounts listed in that field. The root cause is that read-only mode is applied as runtime state, but not enforced by the state-changing delete and upgrade host-core paths. This breaks the expected isolation boundary for workflows that rely on read-only calls to inspect another contract without allowing that callee to produce state-changing VM output. The issue is fixed in v1.7.17. Contract delete and upgrade host-core paths now reject execution when `runtime.ReadOnly()` is true. The invariant is regression-tested for delete, upgrade, storage writes, value transfers, and any VM output field that can later mutate chain state.

Vulnerability data from NVD (NIST) · CISA KEV · EPSS