CVE-2026-45895
MediumCVSS 5.5Exploitation Probability (EPSS)
Low risk5th percentile - higher than 5% of all known CVEs
Summary
In the Linux kernel, a livelock vulnerability was found between quotactl operations and filesystem freezing (freeze_super). When the filesystem is frozen, the quotactl_block() function enters a retry loop waiting for thawing, which on non-preemptible kernels can block the RCU synchronization process, causing the freezer process to hang and the quota process to consume 100% CPU.
Risk Assessment
A local attacker can trigger a permanent hang of the filesystem freezing process and excessive CPU usage, leading to denial of service (DoS) for filesystem operations.
Recommendation
Apply a Linux kernel patch that adds a cond_resched() call in the retry loop of quotactl_block(), allowing an RCU quiescent state to be reached and preventing the livelock.
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Original NVD description (English source)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: quota: fix livelock between quotactl and freeze_super When a filesystem is frozen, quotactl_block() enters a retry loop waiting for the filesystem to thaw. It acquires s_umount, checks the freeze state, drops s_umount and uses sb_start_write() - sb_end_write() pair to wait for the unfreeze. However, this retry loop can trigger a livelock issue, specifically on kernels with preemption disabled. The mechanism is as follows: 1. freeze_super() sets SB_FREEZE_WRITE and calls sb_wait_write(). 2. sb_wait_write() calls percpu_down_write(), which initiates synchronize_rcu(). 3. Simultaneously, quotactl_block() spins in its retry loop, immediately executing the sb_start_write() - sb_end_write() pair. 4. Because the kernel is non-preemptible and the loop contains no scheduling points, quotactl_block() never yields the CPU. This prevents that CPU from reaching an RCU quiescent state. 5. synchronize_rcu() in the freezer thread waits indefinitely for the quotactl_block() CPU to report a quiescent state. 6. quotactl_block() spins indefinitely waiting for the freezer to advance, which it cannot do as it is blocked on the RCU sync. This results in a hang of the freezer process and 100% CPU usage by the quota process. While this can occur intermittently on multi-core systems, it is reliably reproducing on a node with the following script, running both the freezer and the quota toggle on the same CPU: # mkfs.ext4 -O quota /dev/sda 2g && mkdir a_mount # mount /dev/sda -o quota,usrquota,grpquota a_mount # taskset -c 3 bash -c "while true; do xfs_freeze -f a_mount; \ xfs_freeze -u a_mount; done" & # taskset -c 3 bash -c "while true; do quotaon a_mount; \ quotaoff a_mount; done" & Adding cond_resched() to the retry loop fixes the issue. It acts as an RCU quiescent state, allowing synchronize_rcu() in percpu_down_write() to complete.
Vulnerability data from NVD (NIST) · CISA KEV · EPSS