CVE-2026-44241
HighCVSS 7.5Exploitation Probability (EPSS)
Low risk42th percentile - higher than 42% of all known CVEs
Summary
A vulnerability in the Micronaut Framework allows an unauthenticated attacker to exhaust heap memory by sending requests with unique locale tags in the Accept-Language header. The DateTimeFormatter caching mechanism in TimeConverterRegistrar uses an unbounded ConcurrentHashMap whose key includes the locale from the HTTP header, enabling an unlimited number of cache entries.
Risk Assessment
The attack leads to heap memory exhaustion and JVM crash, resulting in application downtime and potential denial of service for users.
Recommendation
Immediately upgrade Micronaut Framework to version 4.10.22, 3.10.6, or 3.8.14, depending on the branch in use. If upgrading is not possible, consider restricting accepted languages in the Accept-Language header at the proxy or application firewall level.
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Original NVD description (English source)
Micronaut Framework is a JVM-based full stack Java framework designed for building modular, easily testable JVM applications. From 4.3.0 to before 4.10.22, 3.10.6, and 3.8.14, TimeConverterRegistrar caches DateTimeFormatter instances in an unbounded ConcurrentHashMap<String, DateTimeFormatter> whose key is derived from the @Format annotation pattern concatenated with the locale from the HTTP Accept-Language header. Because Locale.forLanguageTag() accepts arbitrary BCP 47 private-use extensions (en-x-a001, en-x-a002, …), an unauthenticated attacker can generate an unlimited number of unique cache keys by sending requests with novel locale tags, growing the cache until heap memory is exhausted and the JVM crashes. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.10.22, 3.10.6, and 3.8.14.