CVE-2026-31448
CriticalCVSS 9.4Exploitation Probability (EPSS)
Low risk35th percentile - higher than 35% of all known CVEs
Summary
In the Linux kernel ext4 filesystem, a vulnerability causes an infinite loop during mkdir/mknod operations. When mapping logical blocks to physical blocks fails after inserting a new extent, the freed physical block is reused by an xattr block, leading to a deadlock and thread blocking for 143 seconds.
Risk Assessment
An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to cause prolonged filesystem operation blocking, resulting in denial of service (DoS) for processes using ext4. Corrupted metadata may lead to further data integrity degradation.
Recommendation
Immediately update the Linux kernel to a version containing the fix that distinguishes ENOSPC/EDQUOT errors from others, limiting modifications in case of metadata corruption. Monitor systems for unusual blocking of mkdir/mknod operations.
Original NVD description (English source)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: avoid infinite loops caused by residual data On the mkdir/mknod path, when mapping logical blocks to physical blocks, if inserting a new extent into the extent tree fails (in this example, because the file system disabled the huge file feature when marking the inode as dirty), ext4_ext_map_blocks() only calls ext4_free_blocks() to reclaim the physical block without deleting the corresponding data in the extent tree. This causes subsequent mkdir operations to reference the previously reclaimed physical block number again, even though this physical block is already being used by the xattr block. Therefore, a situation arises where both the directory and xattr are using the same buffer head block in memory simultaneously. The above causes ext4_xattr_block_set() to enter an infinite loop about "inserted" and cannot release the inode lock, ultimately leading to the 143s blocking problem mentioned in [1]. If the metadata is corrupted, then trying to remove some extent space can do even more harm. Also in case EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_DELALLOC_RESERVE was passed, remove space wrongly update quota information. Jan Kara suggests distinguishing between two cases: 1) The error is ENOSPC or EDQUOT - in this case the filesystem is fully consistent and we must maintain its consistency including all the accounting. However these errors can happen only early before we've inserted the extent into the extent tree. So current code works correctly for this case. 2) Some other error - this means metadata is corrupted. We should strive to do as few modifications as possible to limit damage. So I'd just skip freeing of allocated blocks. [1] INFO: task syz.0.17:5995 blocked for more than 143 seconds. Call Trace: inode_lock_nested include/linux/fs.h:1073 [inline] __start_dirop fs/namei.c:2923 [inline] start_dirop fs/namei.c:2934 [inline]

