CVE-2026-16028
HighCVSS 7.5Exploitation Probability (EPSS)
Low risk48th percentile - higher than 48% of all known CVEs
Summary
A vulnerability in the Protocol::HTTP2 module for Perl before version 1.14 allows memory exhaustion via closed streams that are never removed from the connection stream table. Each closed stream leaves an entry, and stream identifiers increase monotonically, allowing an attacker to open and close streams indefinitely, leading to memory growth.
Risk Assessment
The risk includes the possibility of a DoS attack on a server or client built on this module, by exhausting memory, potentially causing service outage.
Recommendation
It is recommended to upgrade Protocol::HTTP2 to version 1.14 or later. Also monitor memory usage and consider limiting the number of streams per connection.
Other vulnerabilities in Protocol::HTTP2
Original NVD description (English source)
Protocol::HTTP2 versions before 1.14 for Perl allow memory exhaustion via closed streams that stream_state never removes from the connection stream table. When a stream reaches the CLOSED state, stream_state returns the concurrency slot and clears most of the stream's keys, but the entry itself stays in the connection stream table and nothing in the distribution removes it. Stream identifiers increase monotonically, so a peer can open and close streams on one connection indefinitely, each close leaving a residual entry that is retained for the life of the connection. SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS does not bound this. That setting caps how many streams are live at once and is enforced, while the growth is made of streams the cap has already released, so it accumulates with concurrency never exceeding one. The client keeps the same table and grows the same way against a hostile server. Measured against a server built on this module, roughly 920 bytes are retained per closed stream for about 19 bytes on the wire, so 100,000 sequential streams on one connection grow server resident memory by about 88 MiB. The streams are ordinary requests that the application accepts and completes.
Vulnerability data from NVD (NIST) · CISA KEV · EPSS

