CVE Catalog

CVE-2025-61588

CriticalCVSS 9.3
Published: Updated: Translated: NVD NIST

Exploitation Probability (EPSS)

Low risk
0.46%

39th percentile - higher than 39% of all known CVEs

Summary

RISC Zero versions 2.0.2 and below of risc0-zkvm-platform allow the host to use a crafted response to the guest's sys_read call to write to an arbitrary memory location in the guest. This can lead to arbitrary code execution within the guest and critically compromises the soundness guarantees of the guest program. Fixes are in risc0-zkvm-platform 2.1.0, risc0-zkos-v1compat 2.1.0, risc0-aggregation 0.9, and risc0-zkvm 2.3.2 and 3.0.3.

Risk Assessment

This critically compromises the security guarantees of guest programs, enabling arbitrary code execution and undermining zk proofs. It can lead to falsified results and compromise of RISC Zero-based systems.

Recommendation

Update all affected packages to the specified fixed versions. Assess whether used guest programs were exposed and re-verify proofs if necessary.

Related vulnerabilities

Original NVD description (English source)

RISC Zero is a zero-knowledge verifiable general computing platform based on zk-STARKs and the RISC-V microarchitecture. In versions 2.0.2 and below of risc0-zkvm-platform, when the zkVM guest calls sys_read, the host is able to use a crafted response to write to an arbitrary memory location in the guest. This capability can be leveraged to execute arbitrary code within the guest. As sys_read is the mechanism by which input is requested by the guest, all guest programs built with the affected versions are vulnerable. This critically compromises the soundness guarantees of the guest program. Other affected packages include risc0-aggregation versions below 0.9, risc0-zkos-v1compat below 2.1.0, risc0-zkvm versions between 3.0.0-rc.1 and 3.0.1. This issue has been fixed in the following versions: risc0-zkvm-platform 2.1.0, risc0-zkos-v1compat 2.1.0, risc0-aggregation 0.9, and risc0-zkvm 2.3.2 and 3.0.3.

Vulnerability data from NVD (NIST) · CISA KEV · EPSS