CVE-2025-23454

The web management service in affected RouterOS versions contains an integer underflow in HTTP request body handling that is reachable before authentication. An unauthenticated network attacker can exploit a single crafted request to achieve remote code execution as root or cause a denial of service.

WebSocket endpoints lack proper authentication mechanisms, enabling attackers to impersonate charging stations. By exploiting this weakness, attackers can gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or perform unauthorized actions. Since no authentication is required, this can lead to privilege escalation and potentially compromise the security of the entire system.

UTMStack before 11.2.16 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows remote attackers to gain full administrative API access by presenting a valid Utm-Internal-Key header matching the INTERNAL_KEY environment variable value. The InternalApiKeyFilter accepts this key for any endpoint without path restriction, constant-time comparison, rate limiting, or audit logging. Attackers who obtain the key value can authenticate without a user account or JWT to create accounts, manage users, exfiltrate data, and modify security rules.

UTMStack before 11.2.16 contains a missing authorization vulnerability in UTMIncidentCommandWebsocket.processCommand(), the handler mapped to the /command/{hostname} STOMP destination, where no role check or command allowlist is applied before forwarding supplied commands. Any authenticated user, regardless of role, can send arbitrary operating-system commands over gRPC to any connected agent, resulting in command execution on monitored endpoints where agent processes commonly run as root or SYSTEM.

A specially crafted HTTP POST request to the web administration interface allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary operating system commands with root privileges on the affected device. Disabling the web server when not configuring the device is recommended.

OS command injection in the Studio Space startup validation script in Amazon SageMaker Distribution 2.x before 2.14.12, 3.x before 3.9.12, 4.0.x before 4.0.11, 4.1.x before 4.1.11, 4.2.x before 4.2.8, 4.3.x before 4.3.5, and 4.4.x before 4.4.3, as used by Amazon SageMaker Unified Studio, might allow an authenticated remote user with project contributor permissions to execute arbitrary commands in another project member's Studio Space and obtain that member's temporary execution role credentials via a crafted connection resource property that is interpolated into a shell invocation without neutralization.

Missing authentication for a critical function in the authentication dependency in Loom for AWS before 1.6.1 allowed remote actors to obtain super-admin authority over the agent control plane, including registering tool servers, reading stored integration credentials, and rewriting the IAM role policies attached to managed agent roles, via any request to the application API in a deployment where no identity provider is configured.

H3C CVM, the Cloud Virtualization Management component of the H3C CAS cloud platform, contains an unauthenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the /cas/fileUpload/upload endpoint that allows remote attackers to write arbitrary files by manipulating the caller-supplied token parameter without restricting path traversal or file type. Attackers can exploit the path traversal in the token parameter to upload a malicious JSP file into a web-accessible directory and then request it to achieve remote code execution as the web-server user. Exploitation evidence was first observed by the Shadowserver Foundation on 2023-10-14.

Apache Traffic Server contains an improper access control vulnerability. This issue affects Apache Traffic Server from 9.0.0 through 9.2.14 and from 10.0.0 through 10.1.3. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.2.15 or 10.1.4, which fixes the issue. This CVE supersedes CVE-2026-41920, whose record listed the affected 9.x versions as 9.0.0 through 9.1.14 and the fixed version as 9.1.15; all 9.2.x releases before 9.2.15 are affected.

Tinypool prior to 2.1.2 reads filename from a caller-supplied options object in pool.run(task, options) without requiring an own property, so a polluted Object.prototype.filename can replace the intended worker module. Applications are affected only when they pass their own second-argument options object to pool.run(); calls without that argument use the trusted default options object. An attacker who can first pollute the prototype can cause the worker pool to load attacker-selected JavaScript and can read or modify task data with the host process's privileges. This issue is fixed in version 2.1.2.