CVE-2025-1391

A flaw was found in the first-broker-login flow of the keycloak-services component. It allows an attacker to register a matching username on an external identity provider, causing a collision in Keycloak and locking out the legitimate user.

Keycloak is an open-source identity and access management solution. A vulnerability was discovered where a user with the impersonation role can impersonate a realm administrator, gaining full administrative control over the realm, including the ability to manage users, clients, and roles.

A flaw was found in the theme localization endpoints of the keycloak-services component, which is the core service responsible for authentication flows and theme management in Keycloak. The issue occurs because the system accepts arbitrary locale tags from unauthenticated requests and stores them in a permanent in-memory cache without limits. An attacker can exploit this by sending a large number of unique locale tags, eventually causing the server to run out of memory and crash.

A flaw was found in the SAML Redirect Binding implementation of Keycloak where the custom DEFLATE compression and decompression helpers fail to release native zlib memory after use. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this by sending repeated malformed SAML requests, leading to native memory exhaustion and a denial of service.

A flaw was found in the group policy provider of Keycloak authorization services, which is used to manage fine-grained access control to resources. The issue occurs when the system evaluates group-based policies using tokens that only contain group names rather than full paths. If two groups in different parts of the organization share the same name, a user in the unauthorized group can be mistaken for a member of the authorized group. This can allow a user to gain unauthorized access to protected resources they should not be able to reach.

A flaw was found in Keycloak regarding the authorization header parser. This parser is overly permissive regarding the formatting of the 'Bearer' authentication scheme, accepting non-standard characters as separators and tolerating case variations that deviate from RFC 6750 specifications.

It was found that the cookie used for CSRF prevention in Keycloak was not unique to each session. An attacker could use this flaw to gain access to an authenticated user session, leading to possible information disclosure or further attacks.

A flaw in the Fine-Grained Admin Permissions (FGAP v2) feature of Keycloak occurs because the system does not inspect composite roles when checking whether a delegated administrator may assign a specific role. An administrator with limited rights can assign a role that secretly includes full administrative control.

Keycloak's mTLS holder-of-key binding ensures a token can only be used by the client that requested it by binding it to their certificate. The new Standard Token Exchange V2 feature does not check for this certificate, allowing an attacker with stolen client credentials to obtain a standard, unrestricted token.

A flaw was found in the Admin REST API of Keycloak, an identity and access management solution. The endpoints used to retrieve groups associated with a specific role do not properly check individual group visibility permissions. This allows a delegated administrator with basic search privileges to view detailed information about all groups assigned to a role, bypassing intended security restrictions.