CVE-2025-0689
HighCVSS 7.8Exploitation Probability (EPSS)
Low risk35th percentile - higher than 35% of all known CVEs
Summary
A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the UDF filesystem module of GRUB allows an attacker to bypass Secure Boot protections. By crafting a malicious filesystem image, arbitrary code execution can be achieved during the boot process.
Risk Assessment
The risk involves bypassing Secure Boot protections and executing arbitrary code in the pre-boot environment, potentially leading to persistent compromise of the device.
Recommendation
Immediately update GRUB to a patched version addressing CVE-2025-0689 and re-sign the GRUB binaries for Secure Boot.
Other vulnerabilities in GRUB
See all- CVE-2022-2601High
A buffer overflow was found in grub_font_construct_glyph(). A malicious crafted pf2 font can lead to an overflow when calculating the max_glyph_size value, allocating a smaller than needed buffer for the glyph.
- CVE-2025-61662High
A Use-After-Free vulnerability has been discovered in GRUB's gettext module. The flaw occurs because the gettext command remains registered in memory after its module is unloaded. An attacker can invoke the orphaned command, causing access to an invalid memory location.
- CVE-2025-61661Medium
A vulnerability has been identified in the GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader) component due to improper string conversion when reading data from a USB device. A local attacker can connect a maliciously configured USB device during boot sequence, causing GRUB to crash and leading to a Denial of Service (DoS). Data corruption may also be possible, but due to exploit complexity the impact is likely limited.
- CVE-2025-4382Medium
In systems using LUKS-encrypted disks with GRUB configured for TPM-based auto-decryption, an attacker with physical access can corrupt the filesystem superblock. This forces GRUB into rescue mode while the decryption key remains in memory, allowing access to unencrypted data without authentication.
- CVE-2024-45782High
A flaw was found in the HFS filesystem driver in GRUB. When mounting an HFS volume, grub_fs_mount() performs a strcpy() on the user-provided volume name without validating its length, leading to a heap-based out-of-bounds write. This issue compromises GRUB's sensitive data integrity and may allow bypassing Secure Boot protection.
- CVE-2025-1125High
In the GRUB HFS+ module, an integer overflow vulnerability occurs when calculating buffer sizes based on user-controlled filesystem metadata. This can lead to allocating a smaller buffer than needed and subsequent out-of-bounds write in the hfsplus_open_compressed_real() function.
Original NVD description (English source)
When reading data from disk, the grub's UDF filesystem module utilizes the user controlled data length metadata to allocate its internal buffers. In certain scenarios, while iterating through disk sectors, it assumes the read size from the disk is always smaller than the allocated buffer size which is not guaranteed. A crafted filesystem image may lead to a heap-based buffer overflow resulting in critical data to be corrupted, resulting in the risk of arbitrary code execution by-passing secure boot protections.