CVE-2008-0421

MaxSite CMS through 109.6 ships with a hardcoded session encryption key in application/config/config.php that is never changed during installation, allowing unauthenticated attackers to forge administrator session cookies. Attackers can mint a malicious ci_session cookie with administrator privileges by computing an HMAC-SHA1 using the publicly known encryption key, bypassing authentication checks in is_login() and mso_check_allow() functions.

MantisBT versions 2.28.3 and earlier contain a critical authentication bypass in the SOAP API's mci_check_login() function. Any user knowing any valid cookie_string can authenticate as any other user (knowing their username), including the administrator, without knowing the target's password. The vulnerability is exploitable with zero prior access on default installations because self-registration is enabled by default.

Cash Collect contains an improper authorization vulnerability in the Sage AR Automation API. Administrative functions do not properly verify user privileges, allowing authenticated low-privileged users to create administrator accounts and obtain elevated privileges.

Cash Collect contains an improper authorization vulnerability in the Sage AR Automation API. Insufficient tenant-level authorization checks allow authenticated users to access administrative resources belonging to other tenants by specifying a valid non predictable tenant identifier.

A vulnerability in cPanel allows a mail-enabled account to achieve remote code execution as root through SQLi in EmailTrack component.

eprosima Fast DDS versions prior to 2.6.12, 2.14.6, 3.2.4, 3.3.1, and 3.4.2 have a remotely triggerable Out-of-Bounds Read while processing RTPS DATA_FRAG submessages. An attacker can craft a DATA_FRAG with a large sampleSize but a small actual payload, leading to reading past the received UDP datagram buffer and copying adjacent heap memory into the reassembly buffer.

A heap-based buffer overflow in VPN certificate ASN.1 decoding may allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on Check Point Quantum Security Management and Quantum Security Gateway systems.

Improper certificate trust validation during VPN negotiation in Check Point Quantum Security Gateway may allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the Gateway.

Dell SCG 5.0 Appliance versions prior to 5.36.00.16 and Dell SCG 5.0 Application versions prior to 5.36.00.00 contain an Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could exploit this, leading to unauthorized access. The attacker can repeatedly reuse a captured request to generate ADMIN access and refresh tokens without nonce validation or time limits.

Certain KGUARD DVR devices running vulnerable firmware expose a system command execution service on all network interfaces without requiring authentication. A remote unauthenticated attacker can execute arbitrary system commands, potentially leading to complete compromise. Exploited by Mirai_ptea and Mirai_aurora botnets for malware propagation and DDoS.