CVE Vulnerability Catalog

A vulnerability in Linux PAM before version 1.6.0 allows attackers to cause a denial of service by blocking the login process. The issue stems from the lack of the O_DIRECTORY flag in the openat call for the protect_dir function, enabling the use of mkfifo.

A vulnerability in the UEFI implementation within QEMU (or similar software) causes a heap overflow in the hardware module (hw/uefi). An attacker can exploit this flaw to gain unauthorized access or execute arbitrary code.

Insufficient granularity of access control in SEV firmware allows a privileged user with a malicious hypervisor to create a SEV-ES guest with an ASID meant for SEV-SNP guests, potentially leading to partial loss of confidentiality.

A vulnerability in the Nokogiri library affects the `Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet#[]` method (and its alias `#slice`). The index check against the node set's bounds used a 32-bit-truncated copy of the index, allowing a large negative index to pass the check and then be used at full width, reading outside the node set's storage.

A NULL pointer dereference vulnerability was found in the Linux kernel's ALSA driver for the TASCAM US-144MKII device. A malicious USB device can have a configuration with interface number 1 but missing interface 0, leading to a system crash.

Logic error in PHP versions 8.1.* before 8.1.29, 8.2.* before 8.2.20, 8.3.* before 8.3.8. Filtering functions like filter_var when validating URLs (FILTER_VALIDATE_URL) for certain URL types return invalid user information (username+password part of URLs).

Parsing error in multipart/form-data in PHP versions 8.1.* before 8.1.30, 8.2.* before 8.2.24, 8.3.* before 8.3.12. Erroneous parsing can lead to legitimate data not being processed, and an attacker can control part of the submitted data.

Vulnerability in PHP versions 8.1.* before 8.1.31, 8.2.* before 8.2.26, 8.3.* before 8.3.14. A hostile MySQL server can cause the client to disclose the content of its heap containing data from other SQL requests and possible other data belonging to different users of the same server.

Poppler before 25.04.0 allows crafted input files to trigger out-of-bounds reads in the JBIG2Bitmap::combine function in JBIG2Stream.cc due to a misplaced isOk check.

NSSCryptoSignBackend.cc in Poppler before 25.04.0 does not verify adbe.pkcs7.sha1 signatures on documents, allowing potential signature forgeries.

Incomplete tracking in PostgreSQL of tables with row security allows reused queries to view or change different rows than intended. Fixes for CVE-2023-2455 and CVE-2016-2193 missed cases involving subqueries, WITH queries, and security invoker views.

Client use of server error messages in PostgreSQL allows an untrusted server under current SSL or GSS settings to furnish arbitrary non-NUL bytes to the libpq application. A man-in-the-middle attacker could send a long error message that a human or screen-scraper user of psql might misinterpret.

Incorrect privilege assignment in PostgreSQL allows a less-privileged application user to view or change different rows than intended. The attack requires the application to use SET ROLE, SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION, or equivalent. The problem arises when application queries use partitioning.

Incorrect control of environment variables in PostgreSQL PL/Perl allows an unprivileged database user to change sensitive process environment variables (e.g., PATH). This often suffices for arbitrary code execution, even without a database server OS user account.

Missing authorization in PostgreSQL built-in views pg_stats_ext and pg_stats_ext_exprs allows an unprivileged database user to read most common values and other statistics from CREATE STATISTICS commands of other users. The most common values may reveal column values the eavesdropper could not otherwise see.

A TOCTOU race condition in pg_dump in PostgreSQL allows an object creator to replace another relation type with a view or foreign table, executing arbitrary SQL functions as the user running pg_dump, often a superuser. The attack requires waiting for the right moment.

A buffer over-read in PostgreSQL GB18030 encoding validation allows a database input provider to cause temporary denial of service on platforms where a 1-byte over-read leads to process termination. This affects the database server and libpq.

CoreDNS before version 1.14.0 has a vulnerability in gRPC, HTTPS, and HTTP/3 server implementations that lack critical resource-limiting controls. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exhaust memory and degrade or crash the server by opening many concurrent connections.

The urllib.parse.urlsplit() and urlparse() functions in Python improperly validate bracketed hosts (`[]`), accepting hosts that are not IPv6 or IPvFuture. This violates RFC 3986 and could enable SSRF attacks if a URL is processed by multiple URL parsers.

A medium severity vulnerability in CPython where regular expressions allow excessive backtracking during tarfile.TarFile header parsing, leading to ReDoS via specially crafted tar archives.